Bandera de Provincias [Flag of the Provinces] was a local publication on the 1930s literary and artistic scene of Guadalajara, when it was a peripheral site for the avant-garde. Every art-related activity and some aesthetic concerns were described in detail within the publication. José Guadalupe Zuno, Efraín González Luna, and Agustín Yáñez, among others, collaborated on the magazine and also did translations of foreign writers. In the 24 editions, the group “was prepared to support any trend or artistic discipline,” and the publication was considered one of the most significant literary magazines of its era. José María Muriá described them as a “group that did not want to cover people who were stale, affected, inexplicable, nor circumscribe itself to a determined few [who were] stilted, imprisoned. They are simply poets and writers of the times.”
The magazine also covered local problems, ideas, and values in the culture of Guadalajara. It demanded that a new school for literature and philosophy be constructed, one that took European culture into account. Advertisements mixed with vignettes, revealing an incipient attempt at graphic design. Guadalajaran culture gained prominence with the creation of the Centro Bohemio de Guadalajara; it was founded in the 1910s and counted among its members Rivera, Siquieros, and Xavier Guerrero. Juan Álvarez del Castillo, better known as Ixca Farías, founded the first Escuela de Pintura al Aire Libre [Open-Air School of Painting] in Guadalajara. Afterward, he served as director of the Museo Regional de Pintura al Aire Libre in Guadalajara and as a teacher of various generations of artists in Jalisco, such as Raúl Anguiano, Jesús Guerrero Galván, and Rubén Mora Gálvez. Ixca introduced the au plein air artistic method, which was considered modern for its “sincere” and “pure” characteristics. He also proposed that the drawings and paintings of children be permanently exhibited at the museum. It should be noted that various intellectuals in Guadalajara acquired these works.