Written in 1929 and first published in 1930, El Nuevo Indio by José Uriel García (1894–1965) is an important contribution to the indigenista debate in Peru. His text is written against the grain of the dominant indigenista models proposed by the Peruvian Marxist political leader José Carlos Mariátegui (1894–1930) [see the series of Mariátegui’s articles “Peruanicemos el Perú” / “We Must Peruvianize Peru,” documents # 1136871, 1136888, 1136855, 1136906, 1140147, 1136839, 1136791, 1136807, 1126774, and 1125511] and also associated with him, historian and anthropologist Luis E. Valcárcel (1891–1987) [see his “Glosario: la antehistoria de la raza,” document # 1125527]. While both Mariátegui and Valcárcel located the models for the new Peruvian national identity in the pre-Hispanic, Incaic indigenous past, Uriel García advocates for the model of mestizaje that is based on the mixing of biological, social, and cultural factors. Uriel García was a Cuzco-born historian and sociologist, and one of the first Peruvian scholars to seriously examine Incaic architecture and art in the Cuzco region. [Arte incaico en el Cuzco (Cuzco: Imp. Minauro, 1911), La ciudad de los Incas: Estudios arqueológicos (Cuzco: Imp. H. G. Rozas, 1922).] Throughout his career, he held various academic appointments at the Universidad Nacional del Cuzco and the Universidad Mayor Nacional de San Marcos in Lima. In the 1940s, he was also a senator from the Department of Cuzco to the Peruvian National Congress.